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The OCC Mortgage Metrics Report is published quarterly to promote broader understanding of mortgage portfolio performance and modification activity in the federal banking system, support supervision of regulated institutions, and fulfill section 104 of the Helping Families Save Their Homes Act of 2009 (codified at 12 USC 1715z-25), as amended by section 1493(a) of the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act.
The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) collects data on first-lien residential mortgage loans serviced by seven national banks with large mortgage-servicing portfolios.1 The OCC Mortgage Metrics Report is published quarterly to promote broader understanding of mortgage portfolio performance and modification activity in the federal banking system, support supervision of regulated institutions, and fulfill section 104 of the Helping Families Save Their Homes Act of 2009 (codified at 12 USC 1715z-25), as amended by section 1493(a) of the Dodd– Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act.
Figure 1 shows the outstanding principal balance of reported loans and the change in outstanding principal balances.
Date Range
Select the start and end quarters to adjust the chart's display range.
Figure 2 shows the number of first-lien residential mortgages serviced and the change in the number of loans serviced.
Figure 3 shows the number of loans in each risk category and the change in each category.
(Click legend items above to show or hide data.)
Figure 4 shows the percentage of loans in each risk category.
Figure 5 shows the number of loans in each category of delinquency.3
Figure 6 shows the percent of mortgages in each category of delinquency.
Figure 7 shows the number of new foreclosure actions initiated.4
Figure 8 shows the number of foreclosure and other home forfeiture actions completed.5
Table 1: Number of Mortgage Modification Actions
Table 2: Number of Modification Actions in Combination Actions
Table 3: Changes in Monthly Principal and Interest Payments by State
Table 4: Number of Re-Defaults for Loans Modified Six Months Previously Modified Loans 60 or More Days Delinquent Six Months After Modification
The OCC Mortgage Metrics Report relies on reporting elements and conventions standard in the residential mortgage industry.
Alt-A: Mortgages to prime-quality borrowers that do not satisfy the criteria for conforming or jumbo loan programs. For example, these loans may lack high loan-to-value mortgage insurance, have minimal documentation, or be secured by collateral other than the borrower’s primary residence. Alt-A mortgages are based on the borrower’s credit conditions at origination.
Capitalization: Actions that increase the unpaid principal balance of the loan by the amount of any delinquent payments and fees.
Combination modifications: Modifications that include more than one type of modification action. Most modifications generally require changes to more than one term of a loan to bring a loan current and reduce monthly payments to an amount that is affordable and sustainable.
Foreclosures in process: Mortgages for which servicers have begun formal foreclosure proceedings but have not yet completed the foreclosure process. The foreclosure process varies by state. Many foreclosures in process never result in the loss of borrowers’ homes because servicers simultaneously pursue other loss mitigation actions, and borrowers may return their mortgages to current and performing status.
Interest rate reductions and freezes: Actions that reduce or freeze the contractual interest rate of the loan that was in effect before the modification action.
Loan modifications: Actions that contractually change the terms of mortgages with respect to interest rates, maturity, principal, or other terms of the loan.
Other: Mortgages in the portfolio that could not be classified by the bank as Prime, Alt-A, or Subprime. Other mortgages are based on the borrower’s credit conditions at origination.
Prime: Mortgages to borrowers underwritten as part of a conforming or jumbo loan program. Typically, these borrowers are eligible for standard loan programs and pricing. For example, borrowers typically have mortgage insurance when the loan-to-value exceeds 80 percent of the collateral property value. Prime mortgages are based on the borrower’s credit conditions at origination.
Principal deferral modifications: Modifications that remove a portion of the unpaid principal from the amount used to calculate monthly principal and interest payments for a set period. The deferred amount becomes due at the end of the loan term.
Principal reduction modifications: Modifications that permanently reduce the unpaid principal owed on a mortgage.
Re-default: For purposes of this report, a loan is defined as in re-default if it was 60 or more days past due as of the end of the month at which the modification was six months old. For example, a loan that was modified as of November 1, 2023, would be defined as in re-default if it was 60 or more days past due or 30 or more days past due and in the process of foreclosure as of its May 31, 2024, reporting date.
Seriously delinquent loans: Mortgages that are 60 or more days past due and all mortgages held by bankrupt borrowers whose payments are 30 or more days past due.
Subprime: Mortgages to borrowers that display a range of credit risk characteristics that may include a weak credit history, reduced repayment capacity, or incomplete credit history. A weak credit history may include prior delinquencies, judgments, bankruptcies, or foreclosures on the credit report at the time of underwriting. Subprime mortgages are based on the borrower’s credit conditions at origination.
Term extensions: Actions that extend the final maturity date of the loan that was in effect before the modification action.
Loan delinquencies are reported using the Mortgage Bankers Association convention that a loan is past due when a scheduled payment has not been made by the due date of the following scheduled payment. The statistics are based on the number of loans, unless stated otherwise.
Percentages are rounded to one decimal place unless the result is less than 0.1 percent, which is rounded to two decimal places. The report uses whole numbers when approximating. Values in the figures and tables may not total 100 percent because of rounding.
Results are not seasonally adjusted
1 The seven national banks are Bank of America, Citibank, HSBC, JPMorgan Chase, PNC, U.S. Bank, and Wells Fargo.
2 Residential mortgage debt is determined using the quarterly Federal Reserve Statistical Release, "Z.1: Financial Accounts of the United States," table L.218, "One-to-Four-Family Residential Mortgages," household sector liabilities. As this release was not available as of publication date of this report, the OCC has approximated the percentage based on the release dated September 30, 2025.
3 Delinquencies are reported based on the contractual due date and may not match what is being reported in credit bureau data. Also, delinquencies are affected by the different relief programs offered by the banks.
4 Events associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, including foreclosure moratoriums, have significantly affected these metrics.
5 Events associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, including foreclosure moratoriums, have significantly affected these metrics.
